光盖环柄菇

Lepiota coloratipes Vizzini, J.F. Liang, Jančovičová & ZhuL. Yang, sp. nov. (Figs. 2,3,4,5and 6)
MYCOBANK MB 804096
=Lepiota rufipes f. phaeophylla BoninBonandRiousset, Doc. Mycol. 22(85): 69 (1992)
=Lepiota rufipes Auct. non Morgan: Kühner and Maire,Bull. Soc. Hist. Nat. Afrique N. 28: 108–109 (1937);Josserand, Bull. Soc. Mycol. France 71: 65–67 (1955);Einhellinger, Ber. Bayer. Bot. Ges. 41: 98 (1969); Lanzoni,Boll. Gruppo Micol. Bres. 29: 81–83 (1986); Candusso andLanzoni, Fungi Europaei 4: 320–322 (1990); Kelderman,Coolia 35: 76–79 (1992); Bizio et al., Riv. Micol. 36: 239–240 (1993); Bon, Flore Mycologique d’Europe 3: 82 (1993);Kelderman, Parasolzwammen van Zuid-Limburg Nederland:3.29.4(1994); Vellinga and Huijser, Belg. J. Bot. 131: 204–205 (1999); Vellinga, Flora Agaricina Neerlandica 5: 143–144(2001); Mohr, Boletus 30: 76 (2008); Lange in Knudsen andVesterholt, Funga Nordica Ed. 2: 540 (2012); Ludwig,Pilzkompendium 3, Beschreibungen: 426–427 (2012)
EXCLUDED:
Lepiota rufipes Morgan, J. Mycol. 12: 156 (1906)[= Cystolepiota seminuda (Lasch) Bon]
Lepiota rufipes Auct. non Morgan: Babos, Ann. Hist.-Nat. Mus. Natl. Hung. 66: 65–67 (1974); Wasser, FloraGribov Ukrainy. Agarikoyve Griby (Kiev): 255–257(1980); Krieglsteiner, Beitr. Kenntn. Pilze Mitteleur. 7: 69–71 (1991) [= L. psalion Huijser & Vellinga]
Lepiota rufipes f. phaeophylla Auct. non Bon: Bizio et al.,Riv. Micol. 36: 240–242 (1993) [= L. cristatoides Einhell.]
Lepiota “cf. rufipes f. phaeophylla“: Winterhoff & Bon,Carolinea 52: 8 (1994) [= L. psalion Huijser & Vellinga]SEL. ICON.: Moser and Jülich, Farbatlas der Basidiomyceten,III Lepiota: 9 (1985); Lanzoni, Boll. Gruppo Micol. Bres. 29:p. 84 (1986); Candusso & Lanzoni, Lepiota, Fungi Europaei 4:Pl. 35b (1990); Bizio et al., Riv. Micol 36: p. 239 (1993);Mohr, Boletus 30: Pl. 17 (2008); Eyssartier and Roux, Leguide des champignons France et Europe: p. 316 (2011);Ludwig, Pilzkompendium. Band 3. Abbildungen: Tab. 551 n.111.13 (2012) [All as L. rufipes].
Etymology the specific epithet refers to the coloured (palebrown-reddish) stipe.
Original diagnosis:Pileus usque ad 30 mm latus, e convexo planus acsubumbonatus; nec hygrophanus nec margine striatus;pileus fere totus albus, mox discum versus leviter brunneomaculatus, in adultis speciminibus brunneolus, margineeburneus, vel saepe ambitu viridi variegatus; superficiessicca, laevis in juvenilibus speciminibus, dein concenticezonatimque rimosa. Stipes 15–27(40) × 1.5–2.5(−3) mmcentralis, cylindraceus, vulgo aequalis, ab initio albus,posterius aurantio-usque brunneo-cinereus distincte velindistincte subincarnato colore tinctus, basi obscurioraurantio-brunneus, sursum deorsum subtiliter sericeo-fibrillosus, primo aetate cavus, externe tenuibus fibrilliscortinalibus praeditus. Lamellae subliberae vel leviter adnataebrunneo-griseae vel eburneolae, acies concolor. Caro pileialba, stipitis cum ejus superficie concolor, lenta odoresaporeque proprio destituta. Sporae (3−)3.2–3.6(−4) ×(2−)2.3–2.7(−2.8) μm, plus minusve 3.4 × 2.5 μm, ellipsoideae,hyalinae, laeves, tenuiter tunicatae, metachromaticae, haudamyloideae nec dextrinoideae, nec cyanophilae. Basidiatetraspora 18.5–22 × 4.5–5.5 μm. Cheilocystidia (10.5−)15–25(−29) × (4.5−)5–7(−8) μm, versiformia plerumquelageniformia vel lecythiformia, hyalina tenuiter tunicata.Cutis pilei hymeniformis ex uno strato cellularum terminaliuminflatarum constituta, ope KOH (5%) prope marginemdistincte flavoviridis; in junioribus basidiomatibus terminalescellulae (15−)26.5–42.5(−54) × (5.5−)9–14.5(−18) μm, plusminusve 34.3 × 11.7 μm, in adultioribus paulo majores sphaero- vel clavato-pedunculatae; pileipellis e minoribusterminalibus cellulis constituta, ope KOH fortius decoloransin medio pilei. Suprapellis deest, quoad subpellem circa 20μmcrassa est figuraque pseudoparenchymatis. Caulocystidia so-lum ad apicem stipitis adsunt, saepe aborta basidia in mentemrevocantes. Omnibus in partibus ubique hyphae fibulatae.
Holotypus (hic designatus): SAV F-3213.
Detailed description - Macrocharacters PILEUS up to 30mm wide, at first campanulate, hemispherical or broadly con-ical, later plano-convex to applanate, subumbonate; nothygrophanous; margin not striated when wet and dry, whenyoung with overhanging cuticle in the form of irregular teeth onthe margin; variable in colour, the pileus is almost completelywhite when young, soon becomes brownish spotted in thecentre, when mature turns light brown (5D4, 5D5), camel(6D4), brown (6E4) to dark brown (6F6) in the centre, brown-ish orange (5C3) towards margin, but always paler ivory (4B3)to white at the margin; often with green spots (2D4, 1E4, 1E3)near margin or sometimes emarginated with narrow green line;surface dry, when young usually smooth, micaceous, latercracking in concentric zones and revealing white context as itages or dries, when old sometimes squarrulose. STIPE 15–27(40)×1.5–2.5(−3) mm, central, cylindrical, usually regular, butoccasionally also slightly flexuous, hollow; when young white,later orange gray (6B2) to brownish gray (6C2), with indistinctor distinct pink shade, on the base darker brown orange (6C3);finely silky fibrillose along all length; stipe and pileus marginconnected initially with fine whitish fibrils, forming an indis-tinct ring zone on the upper part of the stipe that soon disap-pears; at the base sometimes with white tomentum and whiteramified minute rhizomorphs. LAMELLAE 2–3mmwide,L=32–44, l = 1–3, subfree to adnexed, brownish gray (6C2) orivory (4B3), without any violaceous or pinkish tints, edge finelygranulose (under lens), almost white. CONTEXT in pileus white;in stipe concolorous with its surface, but white in central cavity;elastic; without specific smell and taste. SPORE PRINT pale cream.Microcharacters SPORES [60, 2, 2] (3−)3.2–3.6(−4) ×(2−)2.3–2.7(−2.8) μm, on average 3.4 × 2.5 μm, Q =(1.25−)1.3–1.45(−1.5), Qav = 1.38, ellipsoid, hyaline, thin-walled, smooth but sometimes verruculose in Melzer’s reagent,when young and when mature metachromatic in Cresyl Blue,non-amyloid, non-dextrinoid, non cyanophilic in Cotton Blue,uninucleate. BASIDIA 4-spored, 18.5–22 × 4.5–5.5 μm,hyaline, thin-walled; thick-walled basidia absent or verysparse, usually occur close to the lamellar edge, indistinctlydextrinoid. CHEILOCYSTIDIA (10.5−)15–25(−29) × (4.5−)5–7(−8) μm, hyaline, thin-walled, various in shape in all partsof the lamellae edge, mostly lageniform or lecythiform, occa-sionally fusiform or clavate, occasionally with multiple lateralprojections or nodules, sometimes uniseptate and moniliform.PLEUROCYSTIDIA absent. PILEUS COVERING (PILEIPELLIS) ahymeniderm, composed of one layer of inflated, tightly packedterminal elements, near the margin of pileus, distinctly green-yellow in 5% KOH, terminal cells in younger basidiomata(15−)26.5–42.5(−54) × (5.5−)9–14.5(−18) μm, av. 34.3 ×11.7 μm, in older basidiomata somewhat larger, av. 38.1 ×13.6 μm, sphaeropedunculate or clavate-pedunculate;pileipellis in the centre of pileus with more distinct KOHreaction, terminal elements smaller, av. 24.2 × 10 μm, thick-walled (cell walls ca. 0.5 μm), with walls embedded in gelat-inous matter, which makes it difficult to trace the basal septaand lower structure in the microscope; subpellis ca. 20 μmthick, pseudoparenchymatic, composed of densely arrangedtwisted hyphae that are 3–7μmthick.HYMENOPHORAL TRAMAsubregular, comsisting of hyphae 4–15 μmwide,mostlywiderthan 10 μm; trama of pileus and stipe similar to that in lamellae.CAULOCYSTIDIA present only at apex of stipe, absent towards thebase, 3.5–5μm thick, cylindrical, moniliform, with an apicalprojection and often reminiscent of aborted basidia, hyaline,thin-walled. CLAMP CONNECTIONS present in all tissues.EXTRACELLULAR OIL DROPLETS abundant in all tissues and onspore surface.Habitat and distribution in small groups, terrestrial, onloamy or sandy humus-rich soils, in deciduous or coniferouswoods, urban parks (and then often under Cedrus spp.).Summer to winter. Rare but widespread in Europe, also inEast Asia (Yunnan prov., China) and North America (seeDiscussion).Examined material SPAIN, Mas dels Pilars, Ares delMaestre municipality, province of Castellón, calcareous claysoil, pH 7.7, quaternary limestone, among fallen leaves underQuercus ilex, associated with Thymus vulgaris,Calicotomespinosa,Carex halleriana?andEuphorbia characias,UTMS30 X 741542 Y 4485041 Z 1015, 21 Oct 2010, leg. S.Adamčík & S. Jančovičová (SAV F-3212; GenBank acc. n.KC900376); SPAIN, Morella region, Ares del Maestre munic-ipality, Pinar del Hostal de la Rocha, on calcareaousargilaceous soil, along forest road, associated with Pinus nigrasubsp. nigra,P. nigra subsp. salzmannii and Brachypodiumphoenicoides, UTM S30 X 743085 Y 4487390 Z 973, 22 Oct2010, leg. F. Paci (SAV F-3213, HOLOTYPE; GenBank acc. n.KC900377).Additional examined material ITALY, Pineta San Nicolò,IGM 128-3-VE, 27 Nov 1997, leg. E. Bizio, det. G. Zecchin(MCVE 13323); Vaiont PN, IGM 065.NO, 250 m a.s.l., 26Sept 2010, on Cedrus sp. litter, leg. & det. G. Zecchin”(MCVE 24846); Vaiont, PN, IGM 065.NO, 250 m a.s.l., onCedrus sp. litter, leg. & det. G. Zecchin (MCVE 26891); Parcopubblico del Comprensorio “Roma 70”, quart. Ardeatino,Rome, on Laurus nobilis litter, 21 Nov 2012, leg. L. Perrone(LP). FRANCE, Martigues, Marseille, 12 Nov 1999, leg. A.Gennari & G. Robich, det. A. Gennari (as L. parvannulata,MCVE16888, GenBank acc. n. FJ998406). CHINA, YunnanProv., Kunming, Kunming Institute of Botany, ChineseAcademy of Sciences, 1,900 m a.s.l., 1 Aug 2007, leg. ZhuL. Yang 4790 (HKAS 52305; GenBank acc. n. KC819621); 7Sept 2007, leg. Zhu L. Yang 4951 (HKAS 52268; GenBankacc. n. KC819622); 18 Aug 2008, leg. Zhu L. Yang 5163(HKAS 54460); 20 Oct 2010, leg. Zhu L. Yang 5510(HKAS 59238); 8 Aug 2012, leg. Zhu L. Yang 5622 (HKAS75443).

光盖环柄菇 图49 图版I-4
Lepiota coloratipes Vizzini et al., Mycol. Progr 13: 174，figs.2-6,2014
担子果很小。菌盖直径 0.8~3 cm，初半球形，后期近平展至扁半球形，污白色米色，偶有褐色色调;中央凸起明显或不明显，颜色稍深(淡黄褐色、淡褐色、黄褐色)幼时表面具皱纹，但成熟时菌盖表面平滑无皱纹，一般不撕裂故无鳞片(但有些过老的个体菌盖表皮会裂开形成细小的鳞片);边缘色较浅，有时有蓝色或绿色色调，常挂有菌环残余;菌肉白色、污白色或有粉红色或淡褐色色调，厚约1mm，无特殊气味或有时有冠状环柄菇的臭味。菌褶白色至米色，离生，较密，不等长，宽 2~5 mm。菌柄长 1.5~4 cm，直径0.1~0.3cm，近圆柱形，或向上稍变细;表面浅肉色至淡褐色(顶端色稍淡)，有时污白色，近光滑或有时被污白色至淡褐色细小鳞片，中空;菌环，薄，丝膜状，白色，易消失;菌肉淡褐色或污白色。孢子印白色。
担子 14~20x4.5~5.5 μm，棒状，具4孢梗，孢梗长约3um;担子基部横隔上有锁状联合。担孢子 3~4x(2)2.5~3 μm[Q=1.10~1.50，Q=1.30 ±0.12]，宽椭圆形至椭圆形，偶近球形或卵形，非类糊精质，在刚果红中淡粉红色，在甲酚蓝中红色，光滑或有时有非常细小的疣凸，薄壁;小尖细小。褶缘囊状体棒状至窄棒状(15~35x5~6.5 μm)，无色透明，壁薄，无结晶。侧生囊状体阙如。菌盖表皮厚 30~40μm，由呈子实层状排列的细胞组成，生长过程中不倒伏;末端细胞宽棒状至球头短柄状，20~40x10~20μm，无色，薄壁。担子果各部位皆有锁状联合。
生境:夏秋季生于阔叶林或针阔混交林中腐殖质上。世界分布:北美洲、欧洲和亚洲(中国)。模式产地:欧洲(西班牙)。
研究标本:云南:昆明，中国科学院昆明植物研究所内，海拔1900m，2007年8月1日,杨祝良4790(HKAS52305);同地,2007年9月7日,杨祝良4951(HKAS52268)同地，2008 年8 月18日，杨祝良5163(HKAS54460);同地，2010年10月20日，杨祝良 5510(HKAS 59238);同地，2012年8月8日，杨祝良 5622(HKAS 75443)。
讨论:光盖环柄菇 L.coloratipes 主要特点是担子果很小;菌盖近白色，幼时表面具皱纹，但成熟时菌盖表面平滑无皱纹，一般也不开裂，故无鳞片;菌环丝膜状而易消夫;担孢子细小(3~4x2.5~3 μm);褶缘囊状体丰富;菌盖表面由呈子实层状排列的细胞组成;锁状联合常见。
在欧洲，该种曾长期被误定为 L.rufipes Morgan。根据 Vellinga(2010b)的研究，光盖环柄菇与L.rufipes Morgan 是不同的物种，L.rufipes Morgan 实为纤巧囊小伞 C. seminuda 的异名。因此，该种作为新种描述(Vizzini et al.,2014)。