担子菌Basidiomycete > 蘑菇目Agaricales > Incertae-sedis > 囊皮伞属Cystoderma
上一次编辑：2022/7/121
Last edit: 2022/7/21
作者：卷柏
By Jiiaming Cai, mycopedia
囊皮伞属Cystoderma Fayod 1889
图一 红皱囊皮伞 Cystoderma rugosolateritium A-B.担子果 C.担孢子 D.担子 E.盖表球形细胞 F.菌环显微结构，比例尺a-b = 1cm，c-d，f = 5μm，e = 20μm
Fig
1: Cystoderma rugosolateritium
A-B.Basidiocarp C.Basidiospores D.Basidia E.Sphaerocysts F.Annulus
hyphae, Bars a-b = 1cm, c-d and f = 5μm, e = 20μm
囊皮伞属，或囊皮菌属，是一类体型中等至小型的腐生真菌。囊皮伞属的整个子实体往往都布满了粉尘状的菌幕残余，可以用手擦去，在显微镜下这些粉末是由大量球形至近球形膨大细胞构成。这也可能是囊皮伞属学名cystoderma由来——cyst有胞囊、囊肿之意，derm指菌盖表皮。
囊皮伞属的分类地位目前有争议，可能应该归入菌瘿伞属Squamanitaceae。传统上，该属通常归入口蘑科Tricholomataceae或囊皮伞科Cystodermataceae。
核心特征：伞菌状，腐生。子实体密布易脱落的粉末状菌幕残余。孢子印和菌褶近白色。菌褶弯生、凹生或者直生。盖皮上皮型。
Cystoderma is a group of medium to small sized
saprobic agarics. Species of Cystoderma are fairly easy to recognize by
their basidiomata which are densely covered with evanescent powdery veil
remanents. These are composed of globose to subglobose sphaerocysts under the
microscope. That could explain the name Cystoderma – ‘cyst’ may refers
to the sphaerocysts, and ‘derma’ refers to the pileipellis.
The taxonomic position of Cystoderma
and allied groups (e.g. Cystodermella, Phaeolepiota) are
unresolved and arguable (Yep, again due to phylogenic analysis). According
to the evidence available so far, Cystoderma
and Phaeolepiota probably nest inside Squamanitaceae. Traditionally, Cystoderma were placed in
Tricholomataceae or Cystodermataceae.
*P.S. I found both ‘Cystodermateae
Singer. 1949’ and ‘Cystodermataceae Locq. 1984’ on Index Fungorum, both are
noted with ‘Nom. inval.’ indicating that these are invalid names. So,
which should I choose ……? I mean, who cares? Well, obviously, the taxonomists.
Since Cystodermataceae is bonded with Cystoderma (or ‘typified with Cystoderma’
in taxonomish), so Cystodermataceae
Locq. 1984 will be it.
描述 Description：
担子果小型至中等，伞菌型。菌盖幼时圆锥形至凸镜形，后逐渐平展，菌盖表面有大量粉末状颗粒，实为外菌幕残余，菌幕残余颜色多样，易脱落。菌褶弯生、凹生（sinulate）或者直生，近白色，有时带有菌盖的色调，密集，不等长。菌柄中生，圆柱形。菌环宿存或者容易消失，有时不明显，仅形成一个环区（ring zone）。菌环上有时有毛或鳞片。
担孢子椭圆形、球形至卵形，有时带有附属物，光滑，无色，无芽孔，淀粉质（amyloid）。担子圆柱形，半透明状。盖表表皮上皮型（epithelial），粉末状菌幕残余由许多圆形至椭圆形细胞（sphaerocysts）构成。无侧生囊状体和褶缘囊状体。
模式物种：Cystoderma amianthinum (Scop.) Fayod 1889
我国已知物种：褐伞C.aureum（暂未被Species Fungorum采纳）、无斑囊皮伞C.amianthinum、假无斑囊皮伞C.pseudoamianthinum、紫色囊皮伞C.lilaceum（暂拟，种加词直译）、近球孢囊皮伞C.subglobisporum（暂拟，种加词直译）、红皱囊皮伞C.rugosolateritium（暂拟，种加词直译）、C.subvinaceum、C.granosum、C.carcharias、C.japonicum
Basidiomata
small to medium sized, agaricoid. Pileus conical to convex when young,
flattened at mature, covered with dense powdery granules (which are in fact
universal veil remanents), various in color. Lamellae adnexed, sinulate to
adnate, whitish or with tinges of the color of the pileus, crowded, lamellulae
present. Stem cylindrical, center. Annulus persistent or fugacious, sometimes
indistinct and only forms a ring zone, occasionally covered with hairs or
squamules.
Basidiospores
ellipsoid, globose to ovoid, with appendages or not, smooth, hyline, without a germ pore,
amyloid. Basidia clavate, hyline. Pileipellis a epithelial. The powdery veils
are composed of globose to ellipsoid sphaerocysts. Pleurocystidia and
cheilocystidia absent.
Ecology & Distribution: On forestland, grassland or moss
land, widely distributed.
Type species: Cystoderma amianthinum (Scop.) Fayod 1889
Known Species from China: C.aureum, C.amianthinum,
C.pseudoamianthinum, C.lilaceum, C.subglobisporum, C.rugosolateritium,
C.subvinaceum, C.granosum, C.carcharias, C.japonicum
参考资料References
Kuo, M. (2007, February). The genus
Cystoderma. Retrieved from the MushroomExpert.Com
Harri Harmaja. Amylolepiota, Clavicybe
and Cystodermella, new genera of the Agaricales[J]2002, Karstenia 42:39-48
Li Jia-Xin, Mao-Qiang He, Rui-Lin Zhao. A
review of Cystoderma (Agaricales/Basidiomycota) from China with four new
species and two new records[J]2021, Mycology
Saar, I., Põldmaa, K., & Kõljalg, U.
(2009). The phylogeny and taxonomy of genera Cystoderma and Cystodermella
(Agaricales) based on nuclear ITS and LSU sequences. Mycological Progress,
8(1), 59–73.
Irja Saar. The genera Cystoderma and Cystodermella
(Tricholomataceae) in temperate Eurasia. 2003
Irja Saar, Andrus Voitk. Cystoderma and
Cystodermella of Newfoundland and Labrador. 2013
Jian-Wei Liu et al. 2021. Squamanitaceae and three new species of Squamanita
parasitic on Amanita basidiomes
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引用 Cite as
蔡佳铭.囊皮伞属Cystoderma.菌物志. 2022,7
Jiaming Cai. Genus Cystoderma in
China. Mycopedia. 2022,7