担子菌Basidiomycete > 蘑菇目Agaricales > 小脆柄菇科Psathyrellaceae > 霍氏鬼伞属Hausknechtia
上一次编辑：2022/7/11
Last edit: 2022/7/11
作者：卷柏
By Jiiaming Cai, mycopedia
霍氏鬼伞属Hausknechtia D. Wächt. & A. Melzer (2020)
Hausknechtia属是小脆柄菇科下的一个属，模式种为Hausknechtia floriformis (Hauskn.) Wächter & A. Melzer（= Galerella floriformis
Hauskn. 2003），该属是以G.floriformis的发表者，奥地利菌物学家Anton Hausknecht命名的。该属目前仅H.floriformis一个物种，但我国很可能有该属的其他物种分布。分子证据表明该属跟黄盖小脆柄菇属Candolleomyces较为接近。
该属目前在我国仅有1个种分布，即白斑霍氏鬼伞H.leucosticta。该种的主要特征是：菌盖表面有宽而深的沟纹，但似乎并非由菌盖表皮撕裂形成；菌盖常黄褐色调；菌盖（尤其近中部）常有明显但很容易脱落的白色菌幕；菌褶灰色至灰粉色；菌柄白色近光滑；担孢子颜色浅。
宏观上看，霍氏鬼伞属近似于刺毛鬼伞属Tulosesus和近地伞属Parasola。不过，这两者的菌褶基本都是离生，而霍氏鬼伞属的菌褶为直生或弯生；霍氏鬼伞属有菌幕，刺毛鬼伞和近地伞属一般都没有明显菌幕。另外，霍氏鬼伞的孢子颜色淡，而另外两属的孢子颜色深。实际上，黄盖小脆柄菇属和霍氏鬼伞属这两个近缘属的孢子颜色相对较淡，这在小脆柄菇属中是很特殊的识别特征。
Hausknechtia is a genus under Psathyrellaceae,
type species Hausknechtia floriformis (Hauskn.) Wächter & A. Melzer
(= Galerella floriformis Hauskn. 2003). The genus is named after the
Austrian mycologist Anton Hausknecht, who published the name G.floriformis.
The genus contains only one species (H.floriformis) by now, but there
could be more Hausknechtia species in China. Phylogenetic studies shows
that the genus is closely related to Candolleomyces.
Macroscopically, Hausknechtia
looks similar to Tulosesus and Parasola, but differs from the two genera by its
adnate to adnexed gills rather than free ones, like those of Tulosesus
and Parasola. Veil remanents are often observable in Hausknechtia
but absent in Tulosesus and Parasola. Also, Hausknechtia have
paler spores. In fact, pale spores are very special in Psathyrellaceae. Candolleomyces
also presents pale spores.
图2-3 疑似Hausknechtia sp.，图2的菌盖中部可见少量菌幕残余。
Fig 2-3. Possibly Hausknechtia
sp., scant veil remanents observable at the center of the cap.
图4-5 白斑霍氏鬼伞Hausknechtia leucosticta
Fig 4-5. Hausknechtia
leucosticta
图6 H.floriformis（原论文的配图），比例尺= tan90°（引自Wächter, D et.al., 2020）
Fig 6. H.floriformis (from
the original paper), Bars = there Are no bars (Retrieved form Wächter, D
et.al., 2020)
描述 Description：
担子果小型，粪锈伞状。菌盖幼时有明显沟纹，随着成熟菌盖边缘常开裂。菌褶直生至弯生，成熟后锈色至深棕灰色，弥散性自融或不明显自融或“萎蔫”。菌柄白色或近白色，近圆柱形，脆骨质。菌幕近白色，明显但容易消失，由近圆柱形的分支菌丝构成。
孢子中等大小，近圆柱形（subcylindrical），色略淡，锈色至灰色，无芽孔。担子4孢。菌盖表皮子实层型（hymeniderm）。褶缘囊状体和侧生囊状体均缺失，锁状联合存在。
*原论文的描述十分简略，但分子证据有力支持该属的独立
生境分布：腐生，地生，生于落叶层或多沙的土壤上。见于亚洲（中国），大洋洲（瓦努阿图）。
经济价值：未知
模式物种：Hausknechtia floriformis (Hauskn.) Wächter & A. Melzer
General Description: Basidiomata
small, bolbitioid (I made up the word – Bolbitius-like). Young pileus
strikingly sulcate, the margin splitting radially. Lamellae adnate to adnexed,
rusty brown to dark brownish grey when mature, diffusive deliquescent, slightly
deliquescent or ‘collapsing’. Stem white or whitish, nearly cylindrical. Veil
distinct but fugacious, consisting of subcylindrical, branched hyphae. Spores
medium-sized, subcylindrical, pale, rusty brown to grey, germ pore absent.
Basidia 4-spored. Pileipellis a hymeniderm. Pleuro- and cheilocystidia absent.
Clamps present.
*The original description of the
genus is very brief, and requires further studies in order to describe
the genus in detail
Ecology & Distribution: Saprobic, terrestrial. On forestland or sandy soil. Distribute in Asia (China) and Oceania (Vanuatu).
Edibility: Unknown
Type Species: Hausknechtia floriformis (Hauskn.) Wächter & A. Melzer
参考资料References
Tóth, A., Hausknecht, A.,
Krisai-Greilhuber, I., Papp, T., Vágvölgyi, C., & Nagy, L. G. (2013).
Iteratively Refined Guide Trees Help Improving Alignment and Phylogenetic
Inference in the Mushroom Family Bolbitiaceae. PLoS ONE, 8(2), e56143.
Wächter, D., & Melzer, A. (2020).
Proposal for a subdivision of the family Psathyrellaceae based on a taxon-rich
phylogenetic analysis with iterative multigene guide tree. Mycological Progress,
19(11), 1151–1265.
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引用 Cite as
蔡佳铭.Hausknechtia属.菌物志. 2022,7 网站：www.mycopedia.top
Jiaming Cai. Genus Hausknechtia
in China. Mycopedia. 2022,7 Website: www.mycopedia.top
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