担子菌Basidiomycete
> 蘑菇目Agaricales > 小脆柄菇科Psathyrellaceae > 刺毛鬼伞属Tulosesus
上一次编辑:2022/7/27
Last edit: 2022/7/27
作者:卷柏
By Jiiaming Cai, mycopedia
刺毛鬼伞属Tulosesus D. Wächt.
& A. Melzer 2020
塞斯刺毛鬼伞Tulosesus sassii
刺毛鬼伞属是分子生物学兴起后,从传统的小鬼伞属Coprinellus中分出的一支。两者的区别是小鬼伞属总是有颗粒状或簇状菌幕,菌幕内多少有球形或近球形细胞;而刺毛鬼伞属部分物种无菌幕,有菌幕的一般菌幕也无法长时间留存(小鬼伞属中,簇状菌幕的物种菌幕不容易脱落,可以长期留存,如辐毛小鬼伞C.radians),菌幕形态多样,且不含有球形或近球形细胞。宏观上看,刺毛鬼伞属的蘑菇体型一般中等或较小;菌盖多数灰色调,中部带有褐色调,表面有明显棱纹。
根据刺毛鬼伞属原始发表时的分子生物学研究(Wächter & Melzer 2020),刺毛鬼伞属是单系群,和狭义小鬼伞-心孢鬼伞构成姊妹群。但是根据朱力扬、黄梅、图力古尔(2022)的研究,刺毛鬼伞属是并系群,心孢鬼伞属和刺毛鬼伞的部分支系构成姊妹群,而狭义小鬼伞则构成单系群。虽然刺毛鬼伞和心孢鬼伞两属关系较近,但两者形态上有差异:心孢鬼伞体型小,盖表被明显的鳞片,菌盖边缘波浪状,孢子心形或多角形。
描述 Description:
担子果伞菌型,鬼伞状,体型小型至中等。菌盖幼年圆柱形、长椭圆形至长卵形,成熟后圆锥形至平展,薄,表面有明显沟纹至棱纹,中部不下凹。盖表被细绒毛,有时被鳞片状外菌幕残余,菌幕存在时容易脱落(多数情况下很难看见菌幕),由近圆柱形,表面有短突起的细胞构成。如果有近圆形的细胞,则孢子的外轮廓呈多角形(这些物种在我国目前未有记载)。菌褶离生或近弯生,较密,窄,成熟后灰色至黑色,会自融或不明显自融。菌柄白色或近白色,近圆柱形,脆骨质,中空,无菌环。
担孢子大小通常相对较大,萌发孔通常偏生。担子多数4孢,也有2孢的物种(如T.bisporus、T.sassii)。缘囊体和盖囊体通常存在,侧生囊状体有或无。
生境分布:腐生。单生或群生。木生或地生。
模式物种:Tulosesus callinus (M. Lange & A.H. Sm.) Wächter & A. Melzer 2020
Basidiomata agaricoid,
coprinoid, small to medium sized. Pileus cylindrical,
long ellipsoid to long ovoid when young, convex to flat when mature, thin,
striated to deeply grooved, not depressed at the center like Parasola. Pileus tomentose, sometimes covered with
squamules that are actually universal veil remanents,
when veils present usually transient (veils are hardly observed), composed of
diverticulate, subcylindrical cells. If subglobose cells are included, then
spores with a polygonal outline (which are not recorded in Chinese specimens
yet). Gills free to adnexed, close, narrow, greyish
to blackish when mature, deliquescent or collapsing. Stem white to whitish,
subcylindrical, hollow, annulus absent.
Basidiospores usually relatively
large, with eccentric or occasionally central germ pore. Basidia mostly 4
spored, a few species (e.g. T.bisporus, T.sassii) are 2 spored. Cheilo-
and pileocystidia usually present, pleurocystidia
present or absent.
Ecology & Distribution: Saprobic. Single
or gregariously. Terrestrial of lignicolous.
Type Species: Tulosesus callinus (M. Lange & A.H. Sm.) Wächter & A. Melzer 2020
朱力扬,黄梅,图力古尔. 2022. 中国鬼伞类真菌的分类.
菌物学报,
41(6):878-898
Wächter,
D., & Melzer, A. (2020). Proposal for a subdivision of the family Psathyrellaceae based on a taxon-rich
phylogenetic analysis with iterative multigene guide tree. Mycological
Progress, 19(11), 1151–1265.
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引用 Cite as
蔡佳铭.刺毛鬼伞属Tulosesus.菌物志. 2022,7 网站:www.mycopedia.top
Jiaming Cai. Genus Tulosesus in
China. Mycopedia. 2022,7 Website: www.mycopedia.top