哈氏囊小伞Cystolepiota hetieri

描述1 描述来源：Flora Agaricina Neerlandica: Critical Monographs on Families of Agarics and Boleti Occurring in the Netherlands. Volume 5 (Agaricaceae)
类型：完整的描述（摘录自专著、论文等）
描述原文：
2. Cystolepiota hetieri ( Boud .) Sing , in Beih . Sydowia 7:67.1973.- Fig .122.
Lepiota hetieri Boud . in Bull . Soc . mycol . Fr .18:137.1902; Cystoderma hetieri ( Boud .) Sing . in Schweiz . Z . Pilzk .17:53.1939.- Agaricus granulosus var . rufescens B .& Br . in Ann . Mag . nat . Hist . Ser . V ,7:124.1881( Notic . Brit . Fungi 1834); Lepiota rufescens ( B .& Br .) J . Lange in Dansk bot . Ark .9(6):65.1938, non Lepiota rufescens Morgan ,1906; Lepiota langei Locq . in Bull , mens . Soc . linn . Lyon 14:87.1945, non Lepiota langei Knudsen ,1981; Cystolepiota langei ( Locq .) M . Bon in Doc . mycol .22(88):27.1993.
EXCL .- Lepiota hetieri sensu J . Lange , Fl . agar . dan .1:35-36, pl .14J.1935(= C . adulterina ); Cystolepiota hetieri sensu Breitenb .& Kr ä nzl ., Pilze Schweiz 4: pl .210.1995(= C . adulterina or C . cys - tidiosa ).- Lepiota rufescens sensu Huijsman in Meded . Ned . mycol . Vereen .28:46-51.1943(= C . cystidiosa ); sensu K ü hner & Romagn ., Fl . anal . Champ . sup .:396.1953(= Cystolepiota spec .).
SEL . ICON .- Boud . in Bull . Soc . mycol . Fr .18: pl .6, fig .1.1902; J . Lange , Fl . agar . dan .1: pl .141.1935; Rald et al . in Svampe 26:34.1992; Zecchin in Riv . Micol .43:156.2000.
SEL . DESCR .& FIGS .- Herink in Cesk á Mykol .15:226-233, figs .6-8.1961; Kelderman . Parasolzw . Zuid - Limburg :36-37.1994; K ü hner in Bull , trimest . Soc . mycol . Fr .52:205-206.1936; F . Moller in Friesia 6:25.('1957-1958')1959; Vellinga & Huijser in Persoonia 16:521-524, figs .2e&3d.1998.
VERN . NAME - Vlekkende poederparasol .
Pileus 10-22(-30) mm , when young hemispherical , expanding to plano - convex with umbo , with velar remnants at margin , at first white to whitish cream , rarely greyish , soon discolouring to orange - brown in patches or totally discoloured ( Mu .5 YR 5/6-8), granulose to more or less squamulose , when young often with low pyramidal warts on wool - ly background ; warts at centre rather crowded . Lamellae , L =35-60,1=3, moderately crowded , free , segmentiform to subventricose , up to 3 mm broad , white to cream coloured , with age discolouring , especially at edge , to orange - brown or rarely to pale buff (7.5 YR 8/4) when touched , with white , concolorous even edge . Stipe 15-40(50) x 2-4 mm , cylin - drical , fistulose , with or without woolly ring - like zone , whitish cream , rarely greyish , at apex pruinose , below ring - like zone granulose to floc - culose , often rather quickly discolouring orange - brown or red - brown , especially when touched , with white basal tomentum . Context whitish in pileus , in stipe apex cream coloured , and orange - brown (7.5 YR 4/6) at base , white around cavity . Smell variably recorded , unpleasant sweet - ish - fungoid , suggestive of the smell of Lepiota cristata , or not at all like L . cristata . Taste not recorded . Spore print colour not known .
Spores 4.0-6.0(-6.5) x 2.0-3.0(-3.5)μ m , Q =(1.5-)1.6-2.1(-2.3), Qav =1.8-2.0, oblong , some ( sub -) cylindrical , some slightly broad - ened at basal part , colourless , with slightly thickened wall , often in tetrads , non - dextrinoid , non - amyloid , with cyanophilous wall ; inner wall pink in Cresyl Blue . Basidia 15-25 x 5.0-7.0μ m ,4- spored . Cheilocystidia usually abundant ,14-32 x 7.0-12μ m , with up to 15μ m long abrupt , capitulate and cylindrical or moniliform excrescent at apex , clavate or ellipsoid , thin - walled to slightly thick - walled espe - cially in apical part , usually colourless , some with brownish granular contents . Pleurocystidia present , especially near lamella edge , some - times rather rare , similar to cheilocystidia . Hymenium at lamella edge brown coloured . Pileus covered with a velar epithelium , made up of globose to ellipsoid and spheropedunculate elements ,20-60(-80) um in diameter , slightly thick - walled , with , rarely without , brownish parietal pigment . Stipitipellis at apex a cutis of cylindrical elements ,4-10μ m in diam ., usually colourless , sometimes red - brown coloured , slightly thick - walled , lower down with chains of globose elements ,20-60μ m in diam ., slightly thick - walled and brown coloured . Clamp - connec - tions present in all tissues .
HABITAT & DISTR .- Saprotrophic and terrestrial , gregarious in deciduous woods on clayey , loamy soils , rich in humus , often rich in lime ; also in greenhouses . In the Netherlands widespread , but not com - mon . Occurring from the end of Aug .- Oct .(- Nov .), but in greenhouses throughout the year . Known from temperate regions of Europe .
Cystolepiota hetieri can be confused with C . pulverulenta . The latter is characterized by the volatile , flocculose veil , and the oblong ele - ments of which it is made up , the absence of cystidia and clamp - con - nections , and the slightly rough spores .
For the differences with respect to C . adulterina , see the notes accompanying the description of that species .
Cystolepiota cystidiosa differs in the presence of yellow contents of the cystidia , and the abundance of pleurocystidia .
Three Cystolepiota - species have been tested for the presence of amanitins : C . seminuda . C . bucknallii and C . hetieri ( as Lepiota rufescens )( G é rault & Girre in C. r. hebd. Séanc. Acad. Sci., Paris. Sér. D. .280:2842.1966). Ozltkw lect . tne found to be toxic .

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参考翻译：
2. Cystolepiota hetieri ( Boud .) Sing , in Beih . Sydowia 7:67.1973.- Fig .122.
菌盖 直径10-22（-30）毫米，幼时半球形，展开后呈平凸形且具脐状突起，边缘带有菌幕残余；初时为白色至乳白色，罕为灰色，很快局部或整体变为橙褐色（Mu. 5 YR 5/6-8）；呈颗粒状至多少具鳞片状；幼时常在绒毛状背景上带有低的锥状疣突；中央部位的疣突相当密集。菌褶L=35-60，l=3，中等密集，离生，呈扇形至近腹鼓形，宽达3毫米，白色至奶油色，老后尤其边缘会变色，触碰后会变为橙褐色或罕为浅米色（7.5 YR 8/4）；边缘整齐，呈白色且与菌褶同色。菌柄 长15-40（-50）毫米，粗2-4毫米，圆柱形，中空，具或不具羊毛状环区；乳白色，罕为灰色；柄顶有粉末，环区以下呈颗粒状至絮状，常较快地变为橙褐色或红褐色，尤其在触碰后；具白色基部菌丝束。菌肉 菌盖处呈白色，菌柄顶部为奶油色，基部为橙褐色，（7.5 YR 4/6），中空腔周围为白色。气味 记录不一，有令人不快的甜味-蘑菇味，类似于冠状环柄菇的气味，或完全不像冠状环柄菇。味道 无记录。孢子印颜色 未知。
孢子4.0-6.0（-6.5）x 2.0-3.0（-3.5）微米，Q=（1.5-）1.6-2.1（-2.3），平均Q=1.8-2.0，长椭圆形，部分（近）圆柱形，部分在基部略膨大，无色，壁稍厚，常成四分体，非类糊精质，非淀粉质，壁嗜蓝；在甲酚蓝中内壁呈粉红色。担子 15-25 x 5.0-7.0微米，4孢梗。褶缘囊状体 通常丰富， 14-32 x 7.0-12微米，顶部具有长达15微米的、突然变细的、头状-柄状且圆柱形或念珠状的突起；棒状或椭球形，壁薄至略厚，尤其在顶部，通常无色，部分具褐色颗粒状内含物。侧生囊状体 存在，尤其在菌褶边缘附近，有时相当稀少，形状与褶缘囊状体相似。子实层 在菌褶边缘处呈褐色。菌盖表皮覆盖上皮型菌幕，由球形至椭球形和具短梗的球形细胞组成，直径20-60（-80）微米，壁略厚，罕无，具褐色壁色素。菌柄表皮 顶部表皮型，由圆柱形细胞组成，直径4-10微米，通常无色，有时红褐色，壁略厚；向下则为球形细胞组成的链，直径20-60微米，壁略厚且呈褐色。锁状联合 在所有组织中存在。
生境与分布：腐生、地生，在落叶林中群生于富含腐殖质、常富含石灰的粘土、壤土上；亦见于温室中。在荷兰分布广泛，但不常见。发生期为八月底至十月（-十一月），在温室中则全年出现。已知分布于欧洲温带地区。
Cystolepiota hetieri 易与 C. pulverulenta 混淆。后者的特征在于其易散落的、絮状的菌幕及其组成的椭圆形细胞，无囊状体和锁状联合，以及孢子微粗糙。
关于其与 C. adulterina 的区别，参见该物种描述中的注释。
Cystolepiota cystidiosa 的区别在于其囊状体含有黄色内含物，且侧生囊状体丰富。
已有三种 Cystolepiota 属物种（C. seminuda、C. bucknallii 和 C. hetieri）被检测鹅膏肽类毒素的存在（后者以 Lepiota rufescens 之名检测）（文献：Gérault & Girre in C. r. hebd. Séanc. Acad. Sci., Paris. Sér. D.280:2842.1966）。仅最后一种（即 C. hetieri）被发现有毒。

描述2 描述来源：Mushrooms: A comprehensive guide to mushroom identification
类型：简短的描述（摘录自图鉴等，请注意甄别描述真实性）
描述原文：
Cystolepiota hetieri (Boud.) Singer syn. Lepiota hetieri Boud. Cap 1–3cm across; cream, reddening when touched;powdery, covered with granular scales. Stem 20– 40×2– 5mm; concolorous with cap; hollow,woolly, light ring zone. Flesh white then reddish; smell strongly fungusy, similar to Lepiota cristata (here). Gills free; white, reddening quickly. Spores 4–6×2–3μ, ellipsoid. Spore printwhite. Cap and stem have floccose sphaerocysts, cheilocystidia clavate with small apical warts, a few pleurocystidia. Habitat in mixed woods, often in disturbed places; summer to autumn.Uncommon. Poisonous.

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参考翻译：
菌盖宽1–3厘米；呈乳白色，触压后转红；表面覆有粉状颗粒状鳞片。菌柄长20–40毫米，粗2–5毫米；与菌盖同色；中空，具羊毛状纹理及浅色环痕。菌肉初白后泛红；具强烈蘑菇气味，类似冠状环柄菇。菌离生；白色，迅速变红。孢子4–6×2–3微米，椭圆体。孢子印白色。菌盖与菌柄具絮状球囊，缘生囊状体棒状具顶端小疣，偶见侧生囊状体。生境见于混交林，常出现于受干扰区域；夏秋季生长。较罕见。有毒。

描述3 描述来源：Nine Species of Lepiota sensu lato (Basidiomycotina) New to Taiwan
类型：简短的描述（摘录自图鉴等，请注意甄别描述真实性）
描述原文：
Cystolepiota hetieri (Boud.) Singer, Beih.Sydowia 7: 67, 1973.
= Agaricus granulosus var. rufescens Berk. &Broome, Ann. Mag. nat. Hist., Ser. 57: 124,1881.
= Cystoderma hetieri (Boud.) Singer, Schweiz. Z.Pilzk. 17: 53, 1939.
= Cystolepiota langei (Locq.) Bon, DocumsMycol. 22(no. 88): 27, 1993.
= Lepiota hetieri Boud., Bull. Soc. mycol. Fr. 18:137, 1902.
= Lepiota langei Locq., Bull. Soc. linn. Lyon 14:95, 1945.
= Lepiota rufescens (Berk. & Broome) J.E.Lange, Dansk bot. Ark. 9(no. 6): 65, 1938.(Fig. 1)
Pileus 2-3 cm, spherical to semispherical whenyoung, later convex to plane, surface densely covered with concentric, conical, grayish-red tograyish-brown flocci, margin smooth. Lamellae free, white, with lamellulae, edges smooth. Stipe3-3.5 x 0.3-0.5 cm, cylindrical, hollow, white,granulose-verruculose, turning reddish-brownwhen bruised. Annulus white, with woolly-floccose coating which is easily wiped off. Fleshwhite, thin. Spores elliptical, hyaline, smooth,3.5-4.5 x 2-2.5 μm. Basidia clavate, 13-18 x 5-6μm, with 4 sterigmata. Cheilocystidia lageniformto fusiform, often with an apical prolongation,40-60 x 8-12 μm. Pileipellis composed ofsubglobose cells, septa with clamps.
Habitat: On soils.
Specimens examined: Nantou: Aowanta, W. N.Chou, CWN 06239, July 3, 2003; Taichung:National Museum of Natural Science (NMNS),W. N. Chou, CWN 08831, Sept. 6, 2009;Taichung: NMNS, W. N. Chou, CWN 07063,Apr. 18, 2006.
Distribution: Europe, Japan.
Notes: This species is similar to Cystolepiotapseudogranulosa (Berk. & Broome) Pegler, butthe latter has cystidia (Candusso and Lanzoni,1990; Breitenbach and Kränzlin, 1995).

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参考翻译：
菌盖直径2-3厘米，幼时球形至半球形，后凸起至平展，表面密被同心环状、锥形、灰红色至灰褐色的絮状鳞片，边缘光滑。菌褶离生，白色，具小菌褶，边缘光滑。菌柄3-3.5 × 0.3-0.5厘米，圆柱形，中空，白色，具颗粒状微疣，受伤后变红褐色。菌环白色，具羊毛状絮状覆盖层，易被擦去。菌肉白色，薄。孢子椭圆形，透明，光滑，3.5-4.5 × 2-2.5微米。担子棒状，13-18 × 5-6微米，具4个小梗。褶缘囊状体瓶形至梭形，常具顶端突起，40-60 × 8-12微米。菌盖皮由近球形细胞组成，隔膜具锁状联合。
生境：生于土壤上。
研究标本：南投：奥万大，周文能，CWN 06239，2003年7月3日；台中：国立自然科学博物馆，周文能，CWN 08831，2009年9月6日；台中：国立自然科学博物馆，周文能，CWN 07063，2006年4月18日。
分布：欧洲、日本。
附注：该物种与粒鳞囊小伞相似，但后者具囊状体。