凸顶大环柄菇Macrolepiota umbonata

描述1 描述来源：Macrolepiota in Korea: New Records and a New Species
类型：原白（原始描述）
描述原文：
Macrolepiota umbonata H. J. Cho, H. Lee & Y.W. Lim, sp. nov (Figures 3(m–p) and 4). MycoBank: MB829835
Diagnosis: Macrolepiota umbonata is character-ized by a large basidiocarp, big and knob-like umboat disc, long and brownish fragmented stipe, super-ior and movable annulus, and squamules on pileuscomposed of subcylindrical, clampless yellowishbrown hyphae.
Type:—SOUTH KOREA. Incheon-si, Ongjin-gun,Yeongheungdo island, 72 m elev., N37°16’1200 E126°27’3500, Nam Kyu Kim, Jae Young Park, 9September 2016, SFC20160909-16 (Holotype, SFC!)
Basidiocarp large-sized. Pileus 12–25 cm indiam., white to whitish, convex to plano-convex,sometimes applanate with slightly reflexed margin,umbonate to knobbed at disc, covered with brown-ish orange (5C3) to light brown (6D5) floccus-likesquamules, which become sparse toward margin,revealing a white flesh between them; margin occa-sionally crenulate, the fibrillose veil when young;disc smooth, dark brown (6F8). Lamellae free,crowded, white when young, cream to greyish creamcolored when mature, sometimes orange brown togreyish brown tinge, thin, with lamellulae. Stipewhitish, subcylindrical, 15–40×1–3 cm, slightlytapering upwards, orange brown to greyish brownfragmented bands, hollow; base club shaped to bulb-ous, 3.5–4.5 cm wide. Annulus ascending, superior,about 3–4 cm below stipe apex, whitish, membran-ous, slightly complex, with brownish patchy squa-mules on the underside; movable when mature.Context white to whitish, spongy, unchanging colorwhen cut, but sometimes at edge of stipe with pink-ish tinge.Basidiospores [60/3/3] 11.8–16.6×9.2–12.0 μm,Q¼1.17–1.50, broadly ellipsoid to ellipsoid, thick-walled, smooth, hyaline, dextrinoid, congophilous,metachromatic in cresyl blue, a disconnection in theepisporium on the rounded apex with germ pore,covered with a hyalinous cap in KOH; apiculus notdistinctive, about 0.8–1μm long. Basidia [42/3/3]26.0–35.1×12.3–15.6 μm, clavate, thin-walled, hya-line, sometimes with small granules and bubble-likecontents, 4-spored. Cheilocystidia [30/3/3] 12.6–35.2×5.3–13.8 μm, mostly clavate to subcla-vate, occasionally obtusely fusiform, hyaline, thinwalled, in bunches forming a sterile edge.Pleurocystidia absent. Squamules on pileus a palisadeof cylindric to subcylindric, clampless hyphae(7–31 μm in length, 6–11 μm in diam.), rarely branched, terminal elements slightly tapering towardthe tip, yellowish to brownish vacuolar pigment,slightly thick-walled. Clamp connections occasionallyobserved at the base of basidia, common at the baseof cheilocystidia.
Habitat: Solitary or scattered on ground in openmeadows or edge of forest.
Etymology: “umbonata”means umbonate pileuswhich refers to the big and knob-like umbo ofthis species.
Additional studied material: SOUTH KOREA.Seoul, Gwanak-gu, Seoul National University, 101melev., N37°2702700 E126°5605800, Hyun Lee, YoungWoon Lim, 3 September 2012, SFC20120903-06(Paratype SFC!); SOUTH KOREA. Gyeongsangbuk-do, Yecheon-gun, Hakgasan Natural Recreation Forest,367 m elev., N36°4003100 E128°3503100, Hyun Lee, WonJu Kim, 17 September 2013, SFC20130917-H01(Paratype SFC!); SOUTH KOREA. Gyeonggi-do,Gwangju-si, Taehwasan University Forest, 159 m elev.,N37°1804200 E127°18’4100, Hyun Lee, Hae Jin Cho, 19August 2015, SFC20150819-27 (Paratype SFC!);SOUTH KOREA. Incheon-si, Ongjin-gun, Jangbongdoisland, 105 m elev., N37°31’5700 E126°2100500,NamKyu Kim, Jae Young Park, 6 September 2016,SFC20160906-05 (Paratype, SFC!); Ibid.,Yeongheungdo island, 81 m elev., N37°1502600E126°2800900, Nam Kyu Kim, Jae Young Park, 9September 2016, SFC20160909-01 (Paratype, SFC!).
Comment: Macrolepiota umbonata belongs tothe Macrolepiota section Macrolepiota and is mor-phologically similar to M. detersa,M. dolichaula,and M. procera.Macrolepiota detersa is distin-guished from M. umbonata by its small basidiocarp(9–15 cm) and cylindrical cheilocystidia.Macrolepiota umbonata differs from M. dolichaulaby having a simple annulus [3]. Pileus squamule is acharacter that distinguishes M.umbonata from M.procera: the former has floccus-like squamules whilethe latter has thin pileus squamules.

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参考翻译：
凸顶大环柄菇Macrolepiota umbonata H. J. Cho, H. Lee & Y.W. Lim, 新种 MycoBank编号: MB829835
凸顶大环柄的主要特征是担子果大型；菌盖大，中部凸起；菌柄长，褐色，表面有花纹；菌环上位，可移动；盖表鳞片由近圆柱形，无锁状联合，黄褐色菌丝构成。
模式标本——韩国，Incheon-si, Ongjin-gun, Yeongheungdo island, 72 m elev., N37°16’1200 E126°27’3500, Nam Kyu Kim, Jae Young Park, 2016年9月9日, SFC20160909-16（主模式）
担子体大型。菌盖宽12-25cm，白色至近白色，凸镜形至平凸形，有时平展且菌盖边缘略反卷；菌盖中部（disc）乳头状凸起至球状凸起，表面被橙褐色至淡褐色丛毛状鳞片，光滑，向菌盖边缘渐稀疏，露出白色的本底；菌盖边缘偶有菌幕残余从而锯齿状。菌褶离生，密集，幼时白色，成熟后乳白色至偏灰乳白色，有时带橙褐色至灰褐色色调，窄，小菌褶存在。菌柄近白色，近圆柱形，15-40×1-3cm，向上略变细，表面有橙褐色至灰褐色撕裂的条带状鳞片，中空，基部棒状或膨大为近球形，宽3.5-4.5cm。菌环容易从菌柄上整个脱落，上位，约在菌盖下方3-4cm处。白色，膜质，略复合状，下表面被褐色块鳞，成熟后可上下移动。菌肉白色至近白色，海绵质，切开不变色，有时菌柄末端处略变粉。
担孢子[60/3/3]，11.8–16.6×9.2–12.0μm，Q=1.17-1.50，宽椭圆形至椭圆形，厚壁，光滑，透明，类糊精质，在刚果红中变红，遇甲酚蓝变红，顶面处的孢子周壁脱落并形成芽孔，有在KOH中为透明的孔盖，芽孔不明显，约0.8-1μm长。担子[42/3/3]26.0–35.1×12.3–15.6μm，棒状，薄壁，透明，有时又小颗粒和气泡状物质，4孢。褶缘囊状体[30/3/3]12.6–35.2×5.3–13.8μm，大多数棒状至近棒状，有时钝纺锤形，透明薄壁，成簇排列，在菌褶末端形成不育边缘。侧生囊状体阙如。菌盖表面鳞片由栅栏状排列的圆柱形至近圆柱形透明菌丝组成，菌丝无锁状联合（长7-31μm，宽6-11μm），很少分支，末端元素略向上变细，有黄色调至褐色调胞内色素，略厚壁。锁状联合偶尔在担子基部可见，在褶缘囊状体基部常见。
生境：单生或散生于露天草地或林缘地表。
词源：“umbonata”指菌盖中部大的球形凸起。
凸顶大环柄菇隶属于大环柄菇属大环柄菇组Macrolepiota sect. Macrolepiota，形态学上近似于脱皮大环柄菇M.detersa、长柄大环柄菇M.dolichaula和高大环柄菇M.procera。脱皮大环柄菇和本种的区别在于其子实体更小，9-15cm高，褶缘囊状体圆柱形。 #实际上，脱皮大环柄菇的体型经常可以达到30cm，远不止9-15cm高——译者注# 长柄大环柄菇的菌环构造简单。高大环柄菇的菌盖表面被薄的鳞片，而本种的菌盖表面被丛毛状鳞片。