南方白小鬼伞Coprinellus austrodisseminatus

描述1 描述来源：Species clarification of fairy inkcap (“Coprinellus disseminatus”) in China
类型：完整全面的描述（摘录自专著、论文等）
描述原文：
Coprinellus austrodisseminatus T. Bau & L.Y. Zhu sp. nov, Figures 11–13
Mycobank: MB 849762.
Etymology: The prefix “austro” indicates that this species is distributed in southern China, while “disseminatus” indicates that the species is morphologically close to C. disseminatus.
Diagnosis: Basidiomata relatively large in sect. Disseminati, pileus usually over 1 cm in diameter, whitish from young to mature; basidia dimorphological; caulocystidia and pileocystidia relatively short which up to 140 μm, most in clavate to narrow lageniform; terminal cells of caulopellis at the lower part of stipes mostly in short-branched cylindrical; distributed in southern China.
Type: China: Guangdong Province: Guangzhou City, Tianhe District, Linhe Street, Mingyayuan Community, on grassland, 25 April 2023, Hong- Sheng Wang, HMJAU67134 (ITS: OR436393; LSU: OR436378).
Description: Basidiomata small-sized. Pileus 0.7 − 1.5 cm, first ovoid, obtuse conical when mature, with a rounded umbo; pearl white (1A2) when young, become grey-white (1B2) at age, cream (1A3) at the centre; the radial grooves extended to the top 1/4 of the cap after maturation, with a clear line at the folding part; pubescent. Context is very thin, only present at the centre part, white to cream. Lamellae narrow adnate, L = 17 − 26, I = 1 − 3, 0.1 cm in wide, first white (1A2) to cream (1A3), then pink-brown (7B3, 7C3), finally dark brown (7E4), not deliquescent at age. Stipe 3.3 − 5.6 × 0.1 cm, white (1A1) to cream (1A3), hollow, crispy, pubescent, without a volva-like margin. Basidiospores [70, 4, 2] (6.2) 7.6 − 7.9 (9.1) × (4.3) 4.8 − 5.0 (5.8) × (3.8) 4.6 − 4.8 (5.5) μm, Q 1 = 1.41 − 1.76, Q 2 = 1.44 − 1.81, long ovoid in frontal view, amygdaliform with the acute apex in side view, obconical at the base and truncate at apex, dark red-brown (8E6, 8E8) in water and deep olivaceous (2F7) to blackish (2F3) in 5% KOH solution; germ pore central to slightly eccentric, 1.3 − 2.7 μm in wide. Basidia dimorphological, 10 − 19 × 6 − 9 μm, short clavate, 4- or 2- spored, sterigmata 2 − 5 μm in length; each basidium surrounded with 4 − 6 pseudoparaphyses. Cheilocystidia and pleurocystidia absent. Hymenophoral trama regular, trama hyphae 2 − 5 μm in wide. Pileipellis spherocystoderm at ridge part and groove part, consisting of subglobose cells, 20 − 53 × 17 − 47 μm, hyaline, thin-walled to slightly thick-walled; pileocystidia clavate to slender lageniform, 40 − 132 × 13 − 23 μm, with 7 − 12 μm wide, with subcapitate apex, hyaline or with brown hue at base, thin-walled to slightly thick-walled. Caulopellis hyphae 3 − 8 μm wide, hyaline, sometimes branched and diverticulate, thin-walled to slightly thick-walled; hyphae of stipe trama 9 − 33 μm wide, hyaline, thin-walled to somewhat thick-walled. Caulocystidia most in clavate, occasionally in lageniform, 37 − 132 × 13 − 23 μm, with 7 − 12 μm wide; terminal cells of caulopellis at the lower part of stipes mostly in short-branched cylindrical, 22 − 50 μm in length, with obtuse apex. Elements of the veil at the centre of the pileus are composed of chains of thick-walled, cream (1A3) to dark brown (5E7), ellipsoid to subglobose elements, 7 − 31 × 4 − 31 μm; elements of the veil at the margin of pileus composed of thin-walled, hyaline, subglobose to globose elements, 22 − 74 × 20 − 60 μm. Hyphae of ozonium parallel dense arrangement, 3 − 6 μm, slightly thick-walled to thick-walled, cream (1A3) to light brown (4B5), darker in 5% KOH solution. Clamp connection and pseudoclamps are absent.
Habitat: In groups or caespitose in grassland or on the bark of broad-leaved tree. Usually occurs in the middle spring to summer.
Distribution: Southern China.
Additional specimens examined: China: Hunan Province: Changsha City, Yuelu Mountain Scenic Area, on soil in the broad-leaved forest, 19 July 2012, Tolgor Bau, HMJAU25112 (ITS: OR436394; LSU: OR436377).
Notes: C. austrodisseminatus is the sister of C. disseminatisimilis, a species that has been reported in Pakistan. However, the pileus of C. disseminatisimilis is usually greyish-brown when mature, and its basidiospores have relatively small germ pores (0.5 − 1.0 μm in dia- meter). C. magnoliae and C. parcus are also distributed in southern China, however, they are relatively small- sized macroscopically (diameter of pileus usually less than 0.7 cm) and process longer pileocystidia and cau- locystidia (up to 170 μm). Additionally, C. magnoliae exhibits trimorphological basidia.

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参考翻译：
Coprinellus austrodisseminatus T. Bau & L.Y. Zhu
Mycobank编号：MB 849762
词源学：前缀austro指该物种分布在我国南方，disseminatus指该物种形态上近似于白小鬼伞。
南方白小鬼伞的特征是担子果在白小鬼伞组中较大，菌盖通常超过1cm宽，幼年至成年呈白色调；担子二型（#指担子的长度聚集在两个不连续的区间中——网站作者注#）；柄生囊状体和盖生囊状体较短，长达140 μm，多数棒状至窄烧瓶状；菌柄下部表皮末端细胞多数短分支圆柱状；分布在中国南部。
模式：中国广东省广州市。
描述：担子果小型。菌盖0.7 − 1.5 cm，初时卵形，成熟时钝锥形，带有圆形的凸起；幼时珍珠白色，老时变为灰白色，中部呈奶油色；放射状沟纹延伸至菌盖的上部1/4，折叠部分有明显的线条；具柔毛。菌肉非常薄，仅存在于中心部分，颜色从白色到奶油色。菌褶窄直生，L = 17 − 26，I = 1 − 3，0.1 cm宽，初时白色到奶油色，接着变为粉棕色，最终为深棕色，老时不自溶。菌柄3.3 − 5.6 × 0.1 cm，白色至奶油色，中空，脆，具柔毛，无菌托状结构。
担孢子（6.2）7.6 − 7.9（9.1）×（4.3）4.8 − 5.0（5.8）×（3.8）4.6 − 4.8（5.5）μm，Q1 = 1.41 − 1.76，Q2 = 1.44 − 1.81，正面观长卵形，侧面观杏仁形，基部倒锥形且顶端截形，在水中呈深红棕色，在5% KOH溶液中呈深橄榄色至近黑色；芽孔位于中心至略偏心，宽1.3 − 2.7 μm。担子二型，10 − 19 × 6 − 9 μm，短棒形，4或2孢子，担子小梗长2 − 5 μm；每个担子周围有4 − 6个周细胞。褶缘囊状体和侧生囊状体缺失。菌褶菌髓规则，菌髓菌丝宽2 − 5 μm。菌盖皮层凹下处和凸起处均spherocystoderm型，由近球形细胞组成，大小20 − 53 × 17 − 47 μm，无色，薄至略厚壁；盖生囊状体为棒形至细长长颈烧瓶形，大小为40 − 132 × 13 − 23 μm，宽7 − 12 μm，顶端略膨大，无色或基部带棕色，壁薄至略厚。菌柄皮层菌丝宽3 − 8 μm，无色，有时分枝且具小突起，壁薄至略厚；菌柄菌髓菌丝宽9 − 33 μm，无色，壁薄至略厚。柄生囊状体多数为棒形，偶尔为长颈烧瓶形，大小为37 − 132 × 13 − 23 μm，宽7 − 12 μm；菌柄下部的菌柄皮层的顶端细胞多数为短分枝的圆柱形，长22 − 50 μm，顶端钝。菌盖中央菌幕由厚壁的奶油色至深棕色椭圆形至近球形细胞组成，大小为7 − 31 × 4 − 31 μm；菌盖边缘的菌幕由薄壁的无色近球形至球形细胞组成，大小为22 − 74 × 20 − 60 μm。菌丝束的菌丝平行密集排列，宽3 − 6 μm，壁略厚至厚，颜色从奶油色至浅棕色，在5% KOH溶液中颜色变深。缺乏锁状联合和假锁状联合。
生境：群生或簇生于草地或阔叶树腐木上。通常出现在仲春至夏季。
分布：中国南方。
南方白小鬼伞是报道于巴基斯坦的C. disseminatisimilis的姐妹种。然而，后者的菌盖成熟后通常灰褐色，且担孢子芽孔更大（直径0.5 − 1.0 μm）。木兰小鬼伞和微小鬼伞也在我国南方有分布，然而它们宏观上体型较小（菌盖直径通常短于0.7cm）且拥有更长的盖生、柄生囊状体（达170μm）。另外，木兰小鬼伞担子三型。