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属:脊孢芝属Cristataspora

Robledo & Costa-Rezende 2020

基本信息

  • 通用中文名Chinese name:脊孢芝属
  • 拉丁学名Scientific Name:Cristataspora
  • 科Family:多孔菌科Polyporaceae


本文由 Uwiling 供稿



脊孢芝属Cristataspora是灵芝家族中罕为人知的一个属,目前仅包含咖啡脊孢芝C. coffeata和淡黄孔脊孢芝C. flavipora两个种(截至2024年1月5日),由Robledo等人在2020年建立。该属物种过去被置于汉弗莱芝属/网孢芝属Humphreya中,但Decock和Welti等人对汉弗莱芝属物种的孢子形态进行研究后,基于C. coffeataC. flavipora纵向或横向的脊状内孢壁纹饰与汉弗莱芝属其他物种网状或类网状内孢壁纹饰的差别,提出了关于C. coffeataC. flavipora两物种在汉弗莱芝属中分类地位的质疑。后经Robledo等人结合系统发育学研究与孢子纹饰特征以及地理分布后,将原隶属于汉弗莱芝属的C. coffeataC. flavipora移入新成立的脊孢芝属Cristataspora

(笔者个人认为:这种区分和脊孢芝属的成立需要汉弗莱芝属物种分子数据的获取和系统发育学研究来进行更有力的佐证)

。脊孢芝属物种与灵芝属Ganoderma和空洞孢芝属Foraminispora以及华灵芝属Sinoganoderma亲缘较近,目前的系统发育学研究高度支持这四个属分别属于四个单系群,但这四个属之间的具体亲缘关系仍不明朗,支系基部不稳定。
脊孢芝属物种目前已知仅在新热带地区有分布,子实体会从地面长出,可能与地下的被子植物腐木连接。

描述Description

宏观形态特征:脊孢芝属物种子实体一年生,具侧生至中生柄。菌盖圆形、半圆形、肾形至略呈扇形。菌盖表面光滑, 具深浅不一的栗色和褐色同心环状沟纹和纹路;菌肉纤维质至木栓质,同质,新鲜时白色,干燥时浅黄色。菌柄圆柱形;菌柄菌肉同质,纤维质,与菌盖同色。菌孔面奶油色至黄色;菌孔规则,圆形至角形;菌管奶油色至灰黄色。
微观形态特征:菌盖皮层膜皮型,具空心帽状结构或短突状菌丝,圆柱形具疣状突起,IKI-。

脊孢芝属物种菌丝二型(骨架-缠绕菌丝,再加上生殖菌丝,仅从作者个人观点出发)

生殖菌丝薄壁无色,枝状分叉,具锁状联合;骨架-缠绕菌丝无色至浅黄色,厚壁,IKI-。囊状体缺失。担子鼓形,具4小梗。担孢子椭球形至卵形,顶端具平截,黄色,具双层壁结构;孢子内壁具明显的横向或纵向脊状纹饰;CB+,IKI-。
讨论:菌孔面划伤不具血红色颜色反应,菌丝二型,担孢子具平截端以及内孢壁具横向或纵向脊状纹饰等特征是区别其他属的主要依据。
模式物种:Cristataspora coffeata 咖啡脊孢芝
生境及地理分布:分布于新热带地区,中国可能没有分布。生于地面,与地下阔叶树腐木相连。
经济价值:可能有潜在的药用价值,子实体质地硬不适宜直接生食。不少国家或地区视芝类为严重的森林木材病害菌,请遵守当地法律法规。

系统发育树位置图例

可拖动或缩放树

灵芝类(旧分类为灵芝科,现归入多孔菌科)系统发育树,示脊孢芝属位置



代表物种


b: Cristataspora coffeata的担子果; c: Cristataspora flavipora的菌盖表面。标尺:1cm。引自Taxonomy and phylogeny of polypores with ganodermatoid basidiospores (Ganodermataceae)
咖啡脊孢芝Cristataspora coffeata (Berk.) Robledo, Costa-Rezende & de Madrignac Bonzi 2020
异名:
Amauroderma coffeatum (Berk.) Murrill 1905
Fomes augustus (Berk.) Cooke 1885
Fomes coffeatus (Berk.) Sacc. 1888
Fomes hemibaphus (Berk.) Cooke 1885
Ganoderma coffeatum (Berk.) J.S. Furtado 1967
Humphreya coffeata (Berk.) Steyaert 1972
Polyporus augustus Berk. 1856
Polyporus coffeatus Berk. 1839
Polyporus hemibaphus Berk. 1856
Scindalma coffeatum (Berk.) Kuntze 1898
Scindalma hemibaphum (Berk.) Kuntze 1898
子实体一年生,具中生柄,单生。菌盖圆形,略呈漏斗状,革质至木栓质;菌盖表面灰褐色,不具漆状光泽,具同心环状沟纹和皱起以及延伸至菌盖边缘的辐射状线条和不明显皱起;边缘锐,波状。菌孔面白色至奶油色;菌孔圆形;菌管灰褐色至浅褐色;菌肉奶油色,同质或具明显或不明显的黑色线;菌柄纤维质至木栓质,光滑,灰褐色,与菌盖菌肉同色,实心。
Cristataspora coffeata的担孢子电镜图(近光滑的外孢壁和具纵向排列的脊状突起纹饰的内孢壁)引自Taxonomy and phylogeny of polypores with ganodermatoid basidiospores (Ganodermataceae)
分布:分布于阿根廷、古巴等新热带地区,中国没有分布
生态:生于地面,可能与地下腐木相连
讨论:该种原隶属于汉弗莱芝属,因其内孢壁具横向或纵向的脊状纹饰的形态学特征以及系统发育学分析高度支持其与C. flavipora成一单系群,故被转移至脊孢芝属中。新组合描述本种分布于新热带地区,我国过往文献记载本种在中国亦有分布,但与原始描述有出入,该种在我国可能没有分布。
相似物种:C. flavipora较为相似,但其内孢壁脊状纹饰通常为横向分布,而本种内孢壁脊状纹饰通常为纵向排列。
新组合描述:
Basidiomata, annual, stipitate, mesopodal, solitary. Pileus up to 17 cm in diameter, 0.6–2.1 cm thick, circular, slightly infundibuliform, coriaceous to corky. Pilear surface dull, grayish brown, concentrically sulcate, wavy, radially striated and slightly wrinkled towards the margin. Margin entire, wavy and sharp. Context yellowish-white, fibrous, without black lines, 0.6–1.5 cm thick. Pore surface white to cream, pores circular, 4–5 per mm. Tubes grayish brown to pale brown, 0.8–1.5 cm thick. Stipe fibrous to corky, smooth, grayish brown, in section concolorous to pilear context, 14.5–17 cm length, 1.7– 2.8 cm in diameter, solid. Pileipellis composed of thick-walled hyphae, 5–15 μm in diameter, robust, cilindrical some with warts on the walls, golden yellowish brown, IKI-. Hyphal system di-trimitic in whole basidioma; composed of clamped generative hyphae, 3–5 μm in diameter, hyaline, thin walled; skeletal hyphae dichotomously to multiple branched, mainly with arboriform and skeleto-binding pattern, thick-walled, hyaline to yellowish, up to 6 μm in diameter, cyanophilous, IKI -. Basidiospores ellipsoidal to ovoid, 11–13 (–14) × 7–9 μm, truncated at the apex, double-walled, endospore ornamented with longitudinal ridges, either free or slightly anastomosed, yellowish brown or chestnut golden, cyanophilous, IKI- to slightly dextrinoid.
Notes: The species is mainly characterized by stipitate basidiomata with a dull, brownish pilear surface, a pale context, and a di-trimitic hyphal system, composed of clamped generative hyphae, arboriform, and skeleto-binding hyphae. The basidiospores are ellipsoid to ovoid, 11–13(–14) × 7– 9 μm, truncated at the apex, double-walled, yellowish brown to chestnut golden, have an endospore ornamented with longitudinal ridges, and a cyanophilous reaction. In our observations, the pores are larger than in the description presented by Decock and Herrera-Figueroa (2007), 4–5 vs (6–) 7–8 (–9) pores/mm.





脊孢芝属Cristataspora在我国有分布的物种 共计 0 个




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如需引用本文可参考下列格式:
蔡佳铭. 2023. 脊孢芝属Cristataspora. 菌物志Mycopedia. http://www.mycopedia.top/taxa.php?details=Cristataspora
J.M. Cai. 2023. Genus Cristataspora [Chinese]. Mycopedia. http://www.mycopedia.top/taxa.php?details=Cristataspora