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属:费塔多芝属Furtadomyces

Leonardo-Silva, Cotrim & Xavier-Santos 2022

基本信息

  • 通用中文名Chinese name:费塔多芝属
  • 拉丁学名Scientific Name:Furtadomyces
  • 科Family:多孔菌科Polyporaceae

= Furtadoa Costa-Rez., Robledo & Drechsler-Santos 2017
=Furtadoella B.K. Cui & Y.F. Sun 2022

本文由 Uwiling 供稿



费塔多芝属Furtadomyces是灵芝家族中罕为人知的一个属,目前包含五个种(截至2024年1月14日),由Costa等人在2022年建立。该属物种过去被置于广义假芝属Amauroderma s.lat.中。后经系统发育学研究后,费塔多芝属物种成一单系群,与异灵芝属Magoderna、新热带灵芝属Neoganoderma和小乌芝属/小假芝属Amaurodermellus以及血芝属Sanguinoderma亲缘较近,目前的系统发育学研究高度支持这五个属分别属于五个单系群,但血芝属-小乌芝属支系、异灵芝属-新热带灵芝属支系和费塔多芝属支系之间的具体亲缘关系仍不明朗,支系基部不稳定。费塔多芝属物种菌肉具单系菌丝系统,这种特征在灵芝类真菌中独树一帜,故Costa等人将拥有这种形态特征以及系统发育树上聚为独立一支的假芝属物种移入新成立的费塔多芝属“Furtadoa”中。但Furtadoa早先已被用于命名天南星科的一个属,费塔多芝属“Furtadoa”则是个不合法的命名。因此2022年Costa和孙一翡等人先后分别提出用Furtadomyces和“Furtadoella”重新命名费塔多芝属,但“Furtadoella”提出较晚,按照《国际藻类、菌物和植物命名法规(深圳法规)》,“Furtadoella”应视为Furtadomyces的晚出同名。
费塔多芝属物种目前已知仅在新热带地区有分布,在我国暂未发现。



Furtadomyces trichodermatus。来源:Filling gaps in the phylogeny of Amauroderma s. lat. (Polyporales, Ganodermataceae)



描述


宏观形态特征:费塔多芝属物种子实体一年生,具侧生至近中生柄,软至木栓质。菌盖单片,圆形至扇形或漏斗形。菌盖表面黄褐色至灰褐色,不具漆状光泽,光滑至被绒毛,具明显的同心环状条纹或硬毛;菌肉白色至浅褐色,具暗色线,软木栓质。菌柄圆柱形,黄褐色,被绒毛,实心至空心;菌柄菌肉同质,浅褐色。菌孔面白色至稻草黄色,划伤无颜色变化;管壁薄至厚,全缘至撕裂;菌孔圆形至角形;菌管颜色略比菌肉暗。微观形态特征:费塔多芝属物种菌丝一至二型(菌髓二型,菌肉一型);菌肉生殖菌丝无色,薄壁至略厚壁,具锁状联合、简单隔膜和一空心的顶端;菌管菌髓由具锁状联合的生殖菌丝和枝状分叉的骨架菌丝组成。囊状体和小囊状体缺失。担子棒形,具4小梗。担孢子近球形至椭球形,无色,具双层壁结构;孢子外壁具蠕虫状纹饰至网状纹饰;孢子内壁具柱状突起; IKI-。
讨论:菌孔面划伤不具血红色颜色反应,担孢子不具平截端、担子果质地较软和具两种类型的生殖菌丝以及菌肉为一型菌丝系统等特征是区别其他属的主要依据。
模式物种:Furtadomyces biseptatus双隔费塔多芝
生境及地理分布:分布于圭亚那、巴西、委内瑞拉、玻利维亚等新热带地区。生于腐木、枯枝或树桩上。
经济价值:可能有潜在的药用价值。不少国家或地区视芝类为严重的森林木材病害菌,请遵守当地法律法规。

系统发育树位置图例

可拖动或缩放树

灵芝类(旧分类为灵芝科,现归入多孔菌科)系统发育树



代表物种


双隔费塔多芝Furtadomyces biseptatus (Berk.) Robledo, Costa-Rezende & de Madrignac Bonzi 2020
异名:Furtadoa biseptata Costa-Rez., Drechsler-Santos & Reck 2017
Furtadoella biseptata (Costa-Rez., Drechsler-Santos & Reck) B.K. Cui & Y.F. Sun 2022
子实体一年生,具侧生柄,单生,软至木栓质。菌盖圆形至扇形或漏斗状;菌盖表面黄褐色至灰褐色,不具漆状光泽,光滑至被绒毛,具明显的同心环状条纹。菌孔面白色至稻草黄色;菌孔圆形至角形,较大;菌管颜色略壁菌肉暗;菌肉白色至浅褐色,具暗色线,软木栓质;菌柄实心至空心;菌柄表面被绒毛,具纵向的皱纹,浅褐色;菌柄菌肉与菌盖菌肉同质同色。

Furtadomyces biseptatus的假芝状担孢子,标尺:5 μm。来源:Morphological reassessment and molecular phylogenetic analyses of Amauroderma s. lat. Raised new perspectives in the generic classification of the Ganodermataceae family

分布:分布于巴西、玻利维亚、圭亚那、委内瑞拉等新热带地区。中国没有分布。
生态:生于木桩、枯枝、腐木上
相似物种:Fu. brasiliensis较为相似,但本种菌盖更薄,颜色更暗且菌丝具简单隔膜。

新组合描述:
Basidiomata stipitate, pleuropodal, single; pileus 25–45 mm diam, up to 10 mm thick, almost flattened to slightly convex, soft when fresh, corky when dry; margin incurved and irregular, becoming strongly involute upon dried. Pilear surface greyish brown, azonate, radially finely strigose, wrinkled at the center, glabrous. Context corky, pale brown, homogeneous, 0.3–5 mm thick, thinner near the margin. Tubes slightly darker than context, up to 3 mm long. Pore surface concolorous to context; pores circular, 3–5(–6) per mm, (200–)250–400 µm diam, (mean = 358.2 µm); dissepiment entire, 90–230 µm thick, (mean = 155.9 µm). Stipe solid to hollow, straight to tortuous, up to 50 mm long and 5 mm diam; surface velutinous, longitudinally corrugated, pale brown; context with the same consistency and concolorous with pilear context. Pilear surface composed of generative hyphae, 4–7 µm diam, thin to slightly thick-walled, parallel to the contextual hyphae. Hyphal system mono-dimitic; context composed of two kinds of generative hyphae: one clamped to occasionally simple-septate, 3–7 µm diam, hyaline, thin to slightly thick-walled, straight to tortuous, branched; the second gloeopleurous-like, rarely simple-septate, with long stretches without septa (up to 1600 µm), 10–15 µm diam, hyaline, thin to slightly thick-walled, straight to tortuous, mostly unbranched, but eventually presenting some lateral short prolongations; trama of tubes composed of clamped generative hyphae, 3–5 µm diam, hyaline, thin walled; and arboriform skeletal hyphae with few apical, 4.5–6 µm diam in main stalk. Basidia subglobose to clavate, 4-sterigmate, 12–15 × 8–10 µm. Basidiospores subglobose to ellipsoid, ((6–)7–10 × (5.5– )6–8(–9) μm), (mean = 7.6 × 6.5 µm), Q = 1.07–1.33 (1.36), (mean-Q = 1.18), hyaline, double-walled with the inner layer finely and regular ornamented, verrucose under SEM, IKI-.
Notes — Furtadoa biseptata presents macro- and micromorphology that resembles Furtadoa brasiliensis, mainly differing by a thinner and darker pileus and by the presence of simple septa (Fig. 5). Furtadoa corneri differs from the new species by the funnel-shaped basidiomata and the thinner pileus, as well as by slightly larger basidiospores (8–10 × 6–8(–9) µm, mean = 8.2 × 7.4). Furtadoa biseptata was collected just once, even with several field expeditions across four years in the type locality, suggesting it to be a rare species.

参考文献:
  1. Species diversity, systematic revision and molecular phylogeny of Ganodermataceae (Polyporales, Basidiomycota) with an emphasis on Chinese collections, 2022. Sun Y-F, Xing J-H, He X-L, Wu D-M, Song C-G, Liu S, Vlasák J, Gates G, Gibertoni TB, Cui B-K. Studies in Mycology 101: 287–415    https://doi.org/10.3114/sim.2022.101.05
  2. Morphological reassessment and molecular phylogenetic analyses of Amauroderma s. lat. Raised new perspectives in the generic classification of the Ganodermataceae family, 2017. Costa-Rezende, Diogo & Robledo, Gerardo & Góes-Neto, Aristóteles & Reck, Mateus & Crespo, Esteban & Drechsler-Santos,. Persoonia - Molecular Phylogeny and Evolution of Fungi. 39.    https://doi.org/10.3767/persoonia.2017.39.10
  3. Taxonomy and phylogeny of polypores with ganodermatoid basidiospores (Ganodermataceae), 2020. D. H. Costa-Rezende, G. L. Robledo, E. R. Drechsler-Santos, M. Glen, G. Gates, B. R. de Madrignac Bonzi et al.. Mycological Progress 19: 725–741    https://doi.org/10.1007/s11557-020-01589-1
  4. Neotropical Ganodermataceae (Basidiomycota): Amauroderma sprucei and A. dubiopansum, 2006. Decock C, Herrera-Figueroa S.. Criptogamie, Mycologie 27, 1: 3–10.    
  5. Filling gaps in the phylogeny of Amauroderma s. lat. (Polyporales, Ganodermataceae), 2023. R.S. Peres, F. Bittencourt , G.L. Robledo, E.R. Drechsler-Santos, K.Põldmaa, L. Ryvarden, E. Crespo , D.H. Costa-Rezende. South African Joural of Botany 155: 140-153    https://doi.org/10.1016/j.sajb.2023.02.018





费塔多芝属Furtadomyces在我国有分布的物种 共计 0 个




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如需引用本文可参考下列格式:
蔡佳铭. 2023. 费塔多芝属Furtadomyces. 菌物志Mycopedia. http://www.mycopedia.top/taxa.php?details=Furtadomyces
J.M. Cai. 2023. Genus Furtadomyces [Chinese]. Mycopedia. http://www.mycopedia.top/taxa.php?details=Furtadomyces