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属:汉弗莱芝属Humphreya

Steyaert 1972

基本信息

  • 通用中文名Chinese name:汉弗莱芝属
  • 拉丁学名Scientific Name:Humphreya
  • 科Family:多孔菌科Polyporaceae


本文由 Uwiling 供稿



汉弗莱芝属Humphreya(网孢芝属)是灵芝家族中罕为人知的一个属,目前包含三个种(截至2024年2月4日),由Steyaert人在1972年建立,属名纪念灵芝属的解剖研究先驱者C. J. Humphrey。该属物种过去被置于广义假芝属Amauroderma s.lat.中。后经Steyaert对其微观特征的研究,发现A. lloydii担孢子具平截,其内孢壁具网状(蜂窝状)纹饰,故将A. longipes移入另成立的汉弗莱芝属Humphreya中。汉弗莱芝属成立之后,Decock和Welti等人也对汉弗莱芝属物种的孢子形态进行研究,基于C. coffeataC. flavipora纵向或横向的脊状内孢壁纹饰与汉弗莱芝属其他物种网状或类网状内孢壁纹饰的差别,提出了关于C. coffeataC. flavipora两物种在汉弗莱芝属中分类地位的质疑。后经Robledo等人结合系统发育学研究与孢子纹饰特征以及地理分布后,将原隶属于汉弗莱芝属的C. coffeataC. flavipora移入新成立的脊孢芝属Cristataspora中。
spore diagram of Humphreya species
a: Humphreya lloydii的担孢子; b: Humphreya endertii的担孢子。引自Species of Ganoderma and related genera mainly of the Bogor and Leiden herbaria

系统发育学方面,汉弗莱芝属物种现今仍未有可用的分子数据,其图片以及文献资料甚少,故目前汉弗莱芝属物种仅以其特殊的内孢壁网状纹饰来一定程度上证明其作为灵芝类真菌中一个独立分支的存在并与脊孢芝属物种区分开来(Sun Y.F. et al. 2022)

(笔者个人认为:这种区分和脊孢芝属的成立需要汉弗莱芝属物种分子数据的获取和系统发育学研究来进行更有力的佐证)。


汉弗莱芝属物种目前已知仅在非洲热带地区、东南亚有分布。
basidioma of Humphreya species
A: Humphreya endertii的菌盖表面; B: Humphreya endertii的菌孔面。引自The first representative of newly-recorded genus of the ganodermataceae in Cat Tien national park, Dong Nai, Lam Dong province, Vietnam: Humphreya endertii



描述


宏观形态特征:汉弗莱芝属物种子实体一年生,具中生或侧生柄,木栓质。菌盖为平展的漏斗形。菌盖表面灰褐色;菌肉蜜黄色。菌管与菌肉同色。
微观形态特征:汉弗莱芝属物种担孢子具双平截端,具厚的双层壁结构,孢子外壁孢子内壁被网状或不规则杂乱的脊突分隔开。
讨论:担孢子具平截端、特殊的网状(蜂窝状)内孢壁纹饰等特征是区别其他属的主要依据。
模式物种:Humphreya lloydii劳埃德汉弗莱芝/劳氏汉弗莱芝/劳氏网孢芝/伞形咖啡网孢芝
生境及地理分布:分布于印度尼西亚、马来西亚(存疑)、越南、坦桑比亚、西非地区、等热带地区。目前已知Hu. lloydii生于活立木上。
经济价值:可能有潜在的药用价值。不少国家或地区视芝类为严重的森林木材病害菌,请遵守当地法律法规。

spores of Humphreya endertii
Humphreya endertii的担孢子。引自The first representative of newly-recorded genus of the ganodermataceae in Cat Tien national park, Dong Nai, Lam Dong province, Vietnam: Humphreya endertii

代表物种


劳氏汉弗莱芝Humphreya lloydii (Pat. \& Har.) Steyaert 1972 别称:劳埃德汉弗莱芝、劳氏网孢芝、伞形咖啡网孢芝
异名:
Amauroderma lloydii Pat. & Har. 1912
Ganoderma lloydii (Pat. & Har.) Trott. 1925

子实体一年生,具中生柄。菌盖平展至漏斗状;菌盖表面粘土色至乌黑色,不具漆状光泽,具辐射状分叉的沟纹,近中部具一深橄榄色的环纹。菌孔面白色,干后亦为白色;菌孔圆形;菌管与菌肉同色;菌肉浅黄色,干后可能为白色,近菌管层常具一条深橄榄色暗线;菌柄粘土色;菌柄表面不具漆状光泽。
分布:分布于西非地区。中国没有分布
生态:生于活立木(Paramacrolobium coeruleum)上
营养类型:寄生Parasitic
讨论:本种目前没有可用的分子数据。
相似物种:与部分灵芝属物种较为相似,但本种担孢子具网状内孢壁纹饰。 与Hu. eminiiHu. endertii较为相似,但前者担孢子长度超过20μm,后者内孢壁纹饰为杂乱不规则的脊突。
原始描述:
Basidioma stipitate, mesopodial; pileus convex-infundibuliform, up to 120 mm in diam; dorsal surface with many radial, ramified folds, dullClay Color (Ridgway) to Sepia (Ridgway), in the latter case sometimes near the centre with narrow Dark Olive (Ridgway) rings. Pore surface white, usually remaining so upon drying; stipe may reach the formidable length of more than 500 mm, but is only 10-15 mm thick, usually about 200 mm long and 5-10 mm thick, dull Clay Color (Ridgway). Section: cutis very hard, dull dark olive, 60 μ thick; context varying in thickness with the folds of the surface, 1-4mm, probably white when fresh, Light Buff (Ridgway) when dry, often with a dark olive layer of melanoid substances near the tube layer of up to 1 mm thick; tubes up to 5-6 mm long, concolorous with context; under the cortex ofthe stipe sometimes a layer of melanoid substances which continue upwards in the pileus as a dark line over the tube layer. Cutis anamixodermiform, sharply defined, composed of the same hyphae as the context, the extremities somewhat inflated, impregnated by melanoid substances scarcely soluble in KOH. Context with periclinal or sometimes pantoclinal hyphae; hyphae 3-4 μ. thick, thick-walled, not producing skeletal hyphae. Pores round, 60-190-310 μ in diam.; dissepiments 10-95-280 μ thick; distance between axes about 285 μ. Spores ovoid, light yellowish, 12.5-16-20 X 8-10.5-15 μ, with crests in honeycomb pattern.


参考文献
  1. Taxonomy and phylogeny of polypores with ganodermatoid basidiospores (Ganodermataceae), 2020. D. H. Costa-Rezende, G. L. Robledo, E. R. Drechsler-Santos, M. Glen, G. Gates, B. R. de Madrignac Bonzi et al.. Mycological Progress 19: 725–741    https://doi.org/10.1007/s11557-020-01589-1
  2. Species diversity, systematic revision and molecular phylogeny of Ganodermataceae (Polyporales, Basidiomycota) with an emphasis on Chinese collections, 2022. Sun Y-F, Xing J-H, He X-L, Wu D-M, Song C-G, Liu S, Vlasák J, Gates G, Gibertoni TB, Cui B-K. Studies in Mycology 101: 287–415    https://doi.org/10.3114/sim.2022.101.05
  3. Species of Ganoderma and related genera mainly of the Bogor and Leiden herbaria, 1972. Steyaert RL.. Persoonia 7: 55–118.    
  4. The first representative of newly-recorded genus of the ganodermataceae in Cat Tien national park, Dong Nai, Lam Dong province, Vietnam: Humphreya endertii, 2012. Tham, Le & Hung, Nguyen & Duong, Pham & Moncalvo, J.. TAP CHI SINH HOC. 31.    https://doi.org/10.15625/0866-7160/v31n1.797
  5. Contribution à l’étude de la diversité taxonomique et approche écologique des polypores en forêt guinéo-congolaise au Gabon, 2014. Yombiyeni P. Thesis, Université Catholique de Louvain    
  6. The Ganodermataceae in the French West Indies (Guadeloupe and Martinique), 2010. Welti S, Courtecuisse R. Fungal Divers 43:103–126    
  7. Current status of Humphreya endertii and a new species (Ganodermataceae) recorded in South Vietnam, 2018. Le XT, Le QHN, Bui HT, et al.. Agrica 7: 102–109.    
  8. Endertiins A-B, two lanostane triterpenoids from the fruit bodies of the mushoom Humphreya endertii, 2020. Quang, Dang Ngoc et al.. Natural Product Research 36: 748 - 753.    





汉弗莱芝属Humphreya在我国有分布的物种 共计 0 个




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如需引用本文可参考下列格式:
蔡佳铭. 2023. 汉弗莱芝属Humphreya. 菌物志Mycopedia. http://www.mycopedia.top/taxa.php?details=Humphreya
J.M. Cai. 2023. Genus Humphreya [Chinese]. Mycopedia. http://www.mycopedia.top/taxa.php?details=Humphreya